Replication of Nonautonomous Retroelements in Soybean Appears to Be Both Recent and Common
Identifieur interne : 008A82 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 008A81; suivant : 008A83Replication of Nonautonomous Retroelements in Soybean Appears to Be Both Recent and Common
Auteurs : Adam Wawrzynski [États-Unis] ; Tom Ashfield [États-Unis] ; Nicolas W. G. Chen [France] ; Jafar Mammadov [États-Unis] ; Ashley Nguyen [États-Unis] ; Ram Podicheti [États-Unis] ; Steven B. Cannon [États-Unis] ; Vincent Thareau [France] ; Carine Ameline-Torregrosa [États-Unis] ; Ethalinda Cannon [États-Unis] ; Ben Chacko [États-Unis] ; Arnaud Couloux [France] ; Anita Dalwani [États-Unis] ; Roxanne Denny [États-Unis] ; Shweta Deshpande [États-Unis] ; Ashley N. Egan [États-Unis] ; Natasha Glover [États-Unis] ; Stacy Howell [États-Unis] ; Dan Ilut [États-Unis] ; HONGSHING LAI [États-Unis] ; Sara Martin Del Campo [États-Unis] ; Michelle Metcalf [États-Unis] ; Majesta O'Bleness [États-Unis] ; Bernard E. Pfeil [États-Unis, Australie] ; Milind B. Ratnaparkhe [États-Unis] ; Sylvie Samain [France] ; Iryna Sanders [États-Unis] ; Béatrice Segurens [France] ; Mireille Sevignac [France] ; Sue Sherman-Broyles [États-Unis] ; Dominic M. Tucker [États-Unis] ; JING YI [États-Unis] ; Jeff J. Doyle [États-Unis] ; Valérie Geffroy [France] ; Bruce A. Roe [États-Unis] ; M. A. Saghai Maroof [États-Unis] ; Nevin D. Young [États-Unis] ; Roger W. Innes [États-Unis]Source :
- Plant physiology : (Bethesda) [ 0032-0889 ] ; 2008.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Soja.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Retrotransposons and their remnants often constitute more than 50% of higher plant genomes. Although extensively studied in monocot crops such as maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), the impact of retrotransposons on dicot crop genomes is not well documented. Here, we present an analysis of retrotransposons in soybean (Glycine max). Analysis of approximately 3.7 megabases (Mb) of genomic sequence, including 0.87 Mb of pericentromeric sequence, uncovered 45 intact long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons. The ratio of intact elements to solo LTRs was 8:1, one of the highest reported to date in plants, suggesting that removal of retrotransposons by homologous recombination between LTRs is occurring more slowly in soybean than in previously characterized plant species. Analysis of paired LTR sequences uncovered a low frequency of deletions relative to base substitutions, indicating that removal of retrotransposon sequences by illegitimate recombination is also operating more slowly. Significantly, we identified three subfamilies of nonautonomous elements that have replicated in the recent past, suggesting that retrotransposition can be catalyzed in trans by autonomous elements elsewhere in the genome. Analysis of 1.6 Mb of sequence from Glycine tomentella, a wild perennial relative of soybean, uncovered 23 intact retroelements, two of which had accumulated no mutations in their LTRs, indicating very recent insertion. A similar pattern was found in 0.94 Mb of sequence from Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). Thus, autonomous and nonautonomous retrotransposons appear to be both abundant and active in Glycine and Phaseolus. The impact of nonautonomous retrotransposon replication on genome size appears to be much greater than previously appreciated.
Url:
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, États-Unis
- Iowa, État de New York, Île-de-France
- Ames (Iowa), Ithaca (New York), Orsay
- Université Cornell, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'État de l'Iowa
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Le document en format XML
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Egan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glover, Natasha" sort="Glover, Natasha" uniqKey="Glover N" first="Natasha" last="Glover">Natasha Glover</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howell, Stacy" sort="Howell, Stacy" uniqKey="Howell S" first="Stacy" last="Howell">Stacy Howell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilut, Dan" sort="Ilut, Dan" uniqKey="Ilut D" first="Dan" last="Ilut">Dan Ilut</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hongshing Lai" sort="Hongshing Lai" uniqKey="Hongshing Lai" last="Hongshing Lai">HONGSHING LAI</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Campo, Sara Martin" sort="Del Campo, Sara Martin" uniqKey="Del Campo S" first="Sara Martin" last="Del Campo">Sara Martin Del Campo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metcalf, Michelle" sort="Metcalf, Michelle" uniqKey="Metcalf M" first="Michelle" last="Metcalf">Michelle Metcalf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Bleness, Majesta" sort="O Bleness, Majesta" uniqKey="O Bleness M" first="Majesta" last="O'Bleness">Majesta O'Bleness</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfeil, Bernard E" sort="Pfeil, Bernard E" uniqKey="Pfeil B" first="Bernard E." last="Pfeil">Bernard E. Pfeil</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>CSIRO Plant Industry</s1><s2>Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>CSIRO Plant Industry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ratnaparkhe, Milind B" sort="Ratnaparkhe, Milind B" uniqKey="Ratnaparkhe M" first="Milind B." last="Ratnaparkhe">Milind B. Ratnaparkhe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri</s1><s2>Columbia, Missouri 65211</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Columbia, Missouri 65211</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samain, Sylvie" sort="Samain, Sylvie" uniqKey="Samain S" first="Sylvie" last="Samain">Sylvie Samain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</s1><s2>91 057 Evry</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 057 Evry</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, Iryna" sort="Sanders, Iryna" uniqKey="Sanders I" first="Iryna" last="Sanders">Iryna Sanders</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Segurens, Beatrice" sort="Segurens, Beatrice" uniqKey="Segurens B" first="Béatrice" last="Segurens">Béatrice Segurens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</s1><s2>91 057 Evry</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 057 Evry</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sevignac, Mireille" sort="Sevignac, Mireille" uniqKey="Sevignac M" first="Mireille" last="Sevignac">Mireille Sevignac</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, INRA, Université Paris Sud</s1><s2>91 405 Orsay</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Sud</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sherman Broyles, Sue" sort="Sherman Broyles, Sue" uniqKey="Sherman Broyles S" first="Sue" last="Sherman-Broyles">Sue Sherman-Broyles</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tucker, Dominic M" sort="Tucker, Dominic M" uniqKey="Tucker D" first="Dominic M." last="Tucker">Dominic M. Tucker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jing Yi" sort="Jing Yi" uniqKey="Jing Yi" last="Jing Yi">JING YI</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doyle, Jeff J" sort="Doyle, Jeff J" uniqKey="Doyle J" first="Jeff J." last="Doyle">Jeff J. Doyle</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geffroy, Valerie" sort="Geffroy, Valerie" uniqKey="Geffroy V" first="Valérie" last="Geffroy">Valérie Geffroy</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, INRA, Université Paris Sud</s1><s2>91 405 Orsay</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Sud</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roe, Bruce A" sort="Roe, Bruce A" uniqKey="Roe B" first="Bruce A." last="Roe">Bruce A. Roe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saghai Maroof, M A" sort="Saghai Maroof, M A" uniqKey="Saghai Maroof M" first="M. A." last="Saghai Maroof">M. A. Saghai Maroof</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Nevin D" sort="Young, Nevin D" uniqKey="Young N" first="Nevin D." last="Young">Nevin D. Young</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Innes, Roger W" sort="Innes, Roger W" uniqKey="Innes R" first="Roger W." last="Innes">Roger W. Innes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">09-0084324</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 09-0084324 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:09-0084324</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">003026</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">002F91</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">002F53</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002F53</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0032-0889:2008:Wawrzynski A:replication:of:nonautonomous</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">009367</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593652</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2593652</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001057</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001057</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000F18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000F18</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002928</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002928</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000471</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000471</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000471</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0032-0889:2008:Wawrzynski A:replication:of:nonautonomous</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">008D87</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">008A82</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">008A82</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Replication of Nonautonomous Retroelements in Soybean Appears to Be Both Recent and Common</title><author><name sortKey="Wawrzynski, Adam" sort="Wawrzynski, Adam" uniqKey="Wawrzynski A" first="Adam" last="Wawrzynski">Adam Wawrzynski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ashfield, Tom" sort="Ashfield, Tom" uniqKey="Ashfield T" first="Tom" last="Ashfield">Tom Ashfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Nicolas W G" sort="Chen, Nicolas W G" uniqKey="Chen N" first="Nicolas W. G." last="Chen">Nicolas W. G. Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, INRA, Université Paris Sud</s1><s2>91 405 Orsay</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Sud</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mammadov, Jafar" sort="Mammadov, Jafar" uniqKey="Mammadov J" first="Jafar" last="Mammadov">Jafar Mammadov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Ashley" sort="Nguyen, Ashley" uniqKey="Nguyen A" first="Ashley" last="Nguyen">Ashley Nguyen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Podicheti, Ram" sort="Podicheti, Ram" uniqKey="Podicheti R" first="Ram" last="Podicheti">Ram Podicheti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cannon, Steven B" sort="Cannon, Steven B" uniqKey="Cannon S" first="Steven B." last="Cannon">Steven B. Cannon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State University</s1><s2>Ames, Iowa 50011</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ames (Iowa)</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État de l'Iowa</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University</s1><s2>Ames, Iowa 50011</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ames (Iowa)</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État de l'Iowa</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thareau, Vincent" sort="Thareau, Vincent" uniqKey="Thareau V" first="Vincent" last="Thareau">Vincent Thareau</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, INRA, Université Paris Sud</s1><s2>91 405 Orsay</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Sud</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ameline Torregrosa, Carine" sort="Ameline Torregrosa, Carine" uniqKey="Ameline Torregrosa C" first="Carine" last="Ameline-Torregrosa">Carine Ameline-Torregrosa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cannon, Ethalinda" sort="Cannon, Ethalinda" uniqKey="Cannon E" first="Ethalinda" last="Cannon">Ethalinda Cannon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Virtual Reality Application Center, Iowa State University</s1><s2>Ames, Iowa 50011</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ames (Iowa)</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État de l'Iowa</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chacko, Ben" sort="Chacko, Ben" uniqKey="Chacko B" first="Ben" last="Chacko">Ben Chacko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Couloux, Arnaud" sort="Couloux, Arnaud" uniqKey="Couloux A" first="Arnaud" last="Couloux">Arnaud Couloux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</s1><s2>91 057 Evry</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 057 Evry</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalwani, Anita" sort="Dalwani, Anita" uniqKey="Dalwani A" first="Anita" last="Dalwani">Anita Dalwani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Denny, Roxanne" sort="Denny, Roxanne" uniqKey="Denny R" first="Roxanne" last="Denny">Roxanne Denny</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deshpande, Shweta" sort="Deshpande, Shweta" uniqKey="Deshpande S" first="Shweta" last="Deshpande">Shweta Deshpande</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Egan, Ashley N" sort="Egan, Ashley N" uniqKey="Egan A" first="Ashley N." last="Egan">Ashley N. Egan</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glover, Natasha" sort="Glover, Natasha" uniqKey="Glover N" first="Natasha" last="Glover">Natasha Glover</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howell, Stacy" sort="Howell, Stacy" uniqKey="Howell S" first="Stacy" last="Howell">Stacy Howell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilut, Dan" sort="Ilut, Dan" uniqKey="Ilut D" first="Dan" last="Ilut">Dan Ilut</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hongshing Lai" sort="Hongshing Lai" uniqKey="Hongshing Lai" last="Hongshing Lai">HONGSHING LAI</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Campo, Sara Martin" sort="Del Campo, Sara Martin" uniqKey="Del Campo S" first="Sara Martin" last="Del Campo">Sara Martin Del Campo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metcalf, Michelle" sort="Metcalf, Michelle" uniqKey="Metcalf M" first="Michelle" last="Metcalf">Michelle Metcalf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Bleness, Majesta" sort="O Bleness, Majesta" uniqKey="O Bleness M" first="Majesta" last="O'Bleness">Majesta O'Bleness</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfeil, Bernard E" sort="Pfeil, Bernard E" uniqKey="Pfeil B" first="Bernard E." last="Pfeil">Bernard E. Pfeil</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>CSIRO Plant Industry</s1><s2>Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>CSIRO Plant Industry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ratnaparkhe, Milind B" sort="Ratnaparkhe, Milind B" uniqKey="Ratnaparkhe M" first="Milind B." last="Ratnaparkhe">Milind B. Ratnaparkhe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri</s1><s2>Columbia, Missouri 65211</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Columbia, Missouri 65211</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Samain, Sylvie" sort="Samain, Sylvie" uniqKey="Samain S" first="Sylvie" last="Samain">Sylvie Samain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</s1><s2>91 057 Evry</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 057 Evry</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, Iryna" sort="Sanders, Iryna" uniqKey="Sanders I" first="Iryna" last="Sanders">Iryna Sanders</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Segurens, Beatrice" sort="Segurens, Beatrice" uniqKey="Segurens B" first="Béatrice" last="Segurens">Béatrice Segurens</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</s1><s2>91 057 Evry</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 057 Evry</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Genoscope/CEA-Centre National de Sdquençage</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sevignac, Mireille" sort="Sevignac, Mireille" uniqKey="Sevignac M" first="Mireille" last="Sevignac">Mireille Sevignac</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, INRA, Université Paris Sud</s1><s2>91 405 Orsay</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Sud</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sherman Broyles, Sue" sort="Sherman Broyles, Sue" uniqKey="Sherman Broyles S" first="Sue" last="Sherman-Broyles">Sue Sherman-Broyles</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tucker, Dominic M" sort="Tucker, Dominic M" uniqKey="Tucker D" first="Dominic M." last="Tucker">Dominic M. Tucker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jing Yi" sort="Jing Yi" uniqKey="Jing Yi" last="Jing Yi">JING YI</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doyle, Jeff J" sort="Doyle, Jeff J" uniqKey="Doyle J" first="Jeff J." last="Doyle">Jeff J. Doyle</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University</s1><s2>Ithaca, New York 14853</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ><sZ>24 aut.</sZ><sZ>30 aut.</sZ><sZ>33 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geffroy, Valerie" sort="Geffroy, Valerie" uniqKey="Geffroy V" first="Valérie" last="Geffroy">Valérie Geffroy</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR CNRS 8618, INRA, Université Paris Sud</s1><s2>91 405 Orsay</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ><sZ>34 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>91 405 Orsay</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Université Paris Sud</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Orsay</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roe, Bruce A" sort="Roe, Bruce A" uniqKey="Roe B" first="Bruce A." last="Roe">Bruce A. Roe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma</s1><s2>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ><sZ>27 aut.</sZ><sZ>32 aut.</sZ><sZ>35 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Norman, Oklahoma 73019</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saghai Maroof, M A" sort="Saghai Maroof, M A" uniqKey="Saghai Maroof M" first="M. A." last="Saghai Maroof">M. A. Saghai Maroof</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech</s1><s2>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>25 aut.</sZ><sZ>31 aut.</sZ><sZ>36 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Blacksburg, Virginia 24061</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Nevin D" sort="Young, Nevin D" uniqKey="Young N" first="Nevin D." last="Young">Nevin D. Young</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota</s1><s2>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>37 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>St. Paul, Minnesota 55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Innes, Roger W" sort="Innes, Roger W" uniqKey="Innes R" first="Roger W." last="Innes">Roger W. Innes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Biology, Indiana University</s1><s2>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>21 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ><sZ>38 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Bloomington, Indiana 47405</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Plant physiology : (Bethesda)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Plant physiol. : (Bethesda)</title><idno type="ISSN">0032-0889</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Plant physiology : (Bethesda)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Plant physiol. : (Bethesda)</title><idno type="ISSN">0032-0889</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Glycine max</term><term>Plant physiology</term><term>Replication</term><term>Soybean</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Réplication</term><term>Glycine max</term><term>Soja</term><term>Physiologie végétale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Soja</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Retrotransposons and their remnants often constitute more than 50% of higher plant genomes. Although extensively studied in monocot crops such as maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), the impact of retrotransposons on dicot crop genomes is not well documented. Here, we present an analysis of retrotransposons in soybean (Glycine max). Analysis of approximately 3.7 megabases (Mb) of genomic sequence, including 0.87 Mb of pericentromeric sequence, uncovered 45 intact long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons. The ratio of intact elements to solo LTRs was 8:1, one of the highest reported to date in plants, suggesting that removal of retrotransposons by homologous recombination between LTRs is occurring more slowly in soybean than in previously characterized plant species. Analysis of paired LTR sequences uncovered a low frequency of deletions relative to base substitutions, indicating that removal of retrotransposon sequences by illegitimate recombination is also operating more slowly. Significantly, we identified three subfamilies of nonautonomous elements that have replicated in the recent past, suggesting that retrotransposition can be catalyzed in trans by autonomous elements elsewhere in the genome. Analysis of 1.6 Mb of sequence from Glycine tomentella, a wild perennial relative of soybean, uncovered 23 intact retroelements, two of which had accumulated no mutations in their LTRs, indicating very recent insertion. A similar pattern was found in 0.94 Mb of sequence from Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). Thus, autonomous and nonautonomous retrotransposons appear to be both abundant and active in Glycine and Phaseolus. The impact of nonautonomous retrotransposon replication on genome size appears to be much greater than previously appreciated.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Iowa</li><li>État de New York</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Ames (Iowa)</li><li>Ithaca (New York)</li><li>Orsay</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Cornell</li><li>Université Paris-Sud</li><li>Université d'État de l'Iowa</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wawrzynski, Adam" sort="Wawrzynski, Adam" uniqKey="Wawrzynski A" first="Adam" last="Wawrzynski">Adam Wawrzynski</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ameline Torregrosa, Carine" sort="Ameline Torregrosa, Carine" uniqKey="Ameline Torregrosa C" first="Carine" last="Ameline-Torregrosa">Carine Ameline-Torregrosa</name><name sortKey="Ashfield, Tom" sort="Ashfield, Tom" uniqKey="Ashfield T" first="Tom" last="Ashfield">Tom Ashfield</name><name sortKey="Cannon, Ethalinda" sort="Cannon, Ethalinda" uniqKey="Cannon E" first="Ethalinda" last="Cannon">Ethalinda Cannon</name><name sortKey="Cannon, Ethalinda" sort="Cannon, Ethalinda" uniqKey="Cannon E" first="Ethalinda" last="Cannon">Ethalinda Cannon</name><name sortKey="Cannon, Steven B" sort="Cannon, Steven B" uniqKey="Cannon S" first="Steven B." last="Cannon">Steven B. 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Chen</name></region><name sortKey="Couloux, Arnaud" sort="Couloux, Arnaud" uniqKey="Couloux A" first="Arnaud" last="Couloux">Arnaud Couloux</name><name sortKey="Geffroy, Valerie" sort="Geffroy, Valerie" uniqKey="Geffroy V" first="Valérie" last="Geffroy">Valérie Geffroy</name><name sortKey="Samain, Sylvie" sort="Samain, Sylvie" uniqKey="Samain S" first="Sylvie" last="Samain">Sylvie Samain</name><name sortKey="Segurens, Beatrice" sort="Segurens, Beatrice" uniqKey="Segurens B" first="Béatrice" last="Segurens">Béatrice Segurens</name><name sortKey="Sevignac, Mireille" sort="Sevignac, Mireille" uniqKey="Sevignac M" first="Mireille" last="Sevignac">Mireille Sevignac</name><name sortKey="Thareau, Vincent" sort="Thareau, Vincent" uniqKey="Thareau V" first="Vincent" last="Thareau">Vincent Thareau</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pfeil, Bernard E" sort="Pfeil, Bernard E" uniqKey="Pfeil B" first="Bernard E." last="Pfeil">Bernard E. 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